Yes, test-drive plates are not exempted and treated like normal license plates unless pre-registered for exemptions.
Vehicles with a maximum permissible weight of over 3.5 tonnes (incl. combo of vehicle + trailer) use a distance-based toll system (MYTO CZ) instead of the e-vignette.
Related article:
What vehicles need a Czech e-vignette?
What happens if I drive without a Czech e-vignette?
Where can I buy the Czech e-vignette?
What is the MYTO distance based toll?
Where can I register for the MYTO CZ and get the on-board unit (OBU)?